Migraine
From Wikipedia



Migraine is a neurological syndrome characterized by altered bodily experiences,
painful headaches, and nausea. It is a common condition which affects women more
frequently than it does men.
The typical migraine headache is one-sided and pulsating, lasting 4 to 72 hours.
Accompanying complaints are nausea and vomiting, and a heightened sensitivity to
bright lights (photophobia) and noise (hyperacusis). Approximately one third of people
who experience migraine get a preceding aura, in which a patient may sense a strange
light or unpleasant smell. Patients often describe triggers they feel precipitate an
episode of migraine, such as certain foods and beverages (like chocolate or alcohol),
stress or menstruation. In some migraine types there are typical features but the
headache remains absent, and in children abdominal pain may be a prominent feature.
Although the exact cause of migraine remains unknown, the most widespread theory is
that it is a disorder of the serotonergic control system. Genetic factors may also
contribute. Studies on twins show that genes have a 60 to 65% influence on the
development of migraine . Fluctuating hormone levels show a relation to migraine in
several ways: three quarters of adult migraine patients are female while migraine affects
approximately equal numbers of boys and girls before puberty,[citation needed] and
migraine is known to disappear during pregnancy in a substantial number of sufferers.
The treatment of migraine begins with simple painkillers for headache and anti-emetics
for nausea, and avoidance of triggers if present. Specific anti-migraine drugs can be
used to treat migraine. If the condition is severe and frequent enough, preventative
drugs might be considered.
The word migraine is French in origin and comes from the Greek hemicrania, as does
the Old English term megrim. Literally, hemicrania means "half (the) head".
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